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11.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and alkylphenols (AP) that are present in routine discharges of produced water (PW) from the offshore industry continue to cause concern. The suitability of biological methods and chemical based passive samplers to determine exposure to these compounds was tested by deploying them around an oil installation and at reference locations in the North Sea. PAH and AP were analysed either as parent compounds in passive samplers and mussel tissue or as metabolites in fish bile. Generally the pattern of exposure relative to proximity to the discharge was represented by mussels, SPMDs and fish for PAH. Fish and SPMDs showed good correlation for PAH accumulations, whereas some differences were apparent between mussels and SPMDs. POCIS was the only technique tested that could accurately measure the most abundant AP in PW. The advantages of biologically independent measures of exposure for inclusion in discharge monitoring studies are outlined. 相似文献
12.
高分辨率合成孔径雷达卫星反演风场资料在中国近海风能资源评估中的应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
由于海上测风非常昂贵,实地测风资料严重不足,而卫星反演海面风场资料可以有效地弥补这一缺陷,对近海风能资源评估具有至关重要的意义。近年来,欧洲太空局2002年3月发射的Envisat卫星搭载合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像产品在欧洲近海风能资源评估中得到了广泛应用。文中探讨了空间分辨率约1 km×1 km的SAR卫星反演海面风场资料应用于杭州湾近海风能资源评估的技术方法,通过杭州湾海域的实测风速与SAR卫星反演海面风速数据的对比分析发现：（1）14个实测站点中13个站的相对误差小于20%,其中7个站的相对误差小于10%,平均标准差为2.29 m/s;（2）以SAR卫星反演风速数据为基础计算的风能参数（形状参数和尺度参数）与实测数据计算结果的一致性较高;（3）将该数据同化进入WRF数值模式中,与控制试验相比,大部分检验站点的风速相关系数明显提高,标准差和相对误差也得到改善。SAR卫星反演风场资料可用于中国的近海风能资源评估。 相似文献
13.
Sundt RC Ruus A Jonsson H Skarphéðinsdóttir H Meier S Grung M Beyer J Pampanin DM 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(1):144-152
Biological markers of produced water (PW) exposure were studied in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in both laboratory and field experiments, using authentic PW from a North Sea oil field. In the laboratory study, the PW exposure yielded significantly elevated levels of metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkylphenols (APs) in bile even at the lowest exposure dose (0.125% PW). Other biomarkers (hepatic CYP1A induction and DNA adduct formation) responded at 0.25% and 0.5% PW concentrations. In the field study, bile metabolite markers and hepatic CYP1A were clearly increased in fish caged close to the PW outfall. Induction of plasma vitellogenin was not found in laboratory or field exposures, suggesting that the levels of oestrogen agonists (such as APs) might not have been sufficient to elicit induction, under the present conditions. The applicability of the biomarkers for use in water column biomonitoring programs is discussed. 相似文献
14.
Christopher Harman Kevin V. Thomas Knut Erik Tollefsen Sonnich Meier Olav Byum Merete Grung 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(11):1671-1679
In order to assess the environmental impact of aquatic discharges from the offshore oil industry, polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed around an oil platform and at reference locations in the North Sea. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and alkylated phenols (AP) was determined from passive sampler accumulations using an empirical uptake model, the dissipation of performance reference compounds and adjusted laboratory derived sampling rates. Exposure was relatively similar within 1–2 km of the discharge point, with levels dominated by short chained C1–C3 AP isomers (19–51 ng L−1) and alkylated naphthalenes, phenanthrenes and dibenzothiophenes (NPD, 29–45 ng L−1). Exposure stations showed significant differences to reference sites for NPD, but not always for more hydrophobic PAH. These concentrations are several orders of magnitude lower than those reported to give both acute and sub-lethal effects, although their long term consequences are unknown. 相似文献
15.
Christian Christiansen Troels Aagaard Jesper Bartholdy Merete Christiansen Jørgen Nielsen Niels Nielsen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(1):107-126
Average sea-level rise in the northern part of the Danish Wadden Sea has been 1.3 mm a?1 during the last 100 years but during the last 25 years a rise of 4.2 mm a?1 was observed. Concurrent with the recent sea-level rise the Skallingen barrier spit has migrated landward by 3–5 m a?1. Long term sediment budgets for each of the morphological units involved in the migration are reviewed (e.g. onshore in the shore face +90.000 m3 a?1, longshore -641.000 m3 a?1, foredunes +65,000 m3 a?1, overwash fan including shorenormal dunes +11,000 m3 a?1, spit terminus -96,000 m3 a?1, tidal flat + 10,000 m3 a?1 and backbarrier salt marsh +33,000 m3 a?1) and used to establish the relative importance of sediment transport processes involved in barrier migration. Strong interannual variations exist in the long term budget making evaluation of barrier behaviour based on short term measurements doubtful. In a cross shore sense the barrier spit is accreting in spite of the sea level rise. This is specially pronounced at an active overwash fan. However, due to substantial sediment losses to longshore transport the barrier, gets narrower and shorter during its transgressive behaviour. This may indicate that preservation of barriers in the geological record during rapid sea level rise is promoted when sediment loss to longshore transport is insignificant. 相似文献
16.
In order to study the impact of produced water (PW) from a North Sea oil field on blue mussels (Mytilus edulis), chemical and biological markers were selected. A laboratory exposure (0.125%, 0.25% and 0.5% of PW) and a field study (6 stations 0.2-2 km from a PW discharge point) were conducted. In the laboratory study, PAH bioaccumulation increased in mussel soft tissue even at the lowest exposure dose. Micronuclei frequency demonstrated a dose-response pattern, whereas lysosomal membrane stability showed tendency towards a dose-response pattern. The same markers were assessed in the field study, biomarker analyses were consistent with the contamination level, as evaluated by mussel polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons body burden. Overall, obtained results confirmed the value of an ecotoxicological approach for a scientifically sound characterisation of biological effects induced by offshore oilfield operational discharges. 相似文献